He fabricated the additional details. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. This movie is based on Speer's autobiography of the same name. [70], Speer realized that with six million workers drafted into the armed forces, there was a labor shortage in the war economy, and not enough workers for his factories. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [163] By 1999, historians had amply demonstrated that Speer had lied extensively. [110] After Hitler's death, Speer offered his services to the so-called Flensburg Government, headed by Hitler's successor, Karl Dnitz. Hitler became interested in Speer through his own interest in the arts. William. [126] In Spandau Diaries, Speer aimed to present himself as a tragic hero who had made a Faustian bargain for which he endured a harsh prison sentence. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". "[118], Speer was credited with an "armaments miracle". Inside the Third Reich. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. After the war, Speer was among the 24 "major war criminals" arrested and charged with the crimes of the Nazi regime at the Nuremberg trials. He had become one of the most powerful people in Nazi Germany. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. It will begin in Norway and extend to northern Italy. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Vostrae. I presumably had a sense of somber events. [174] Heinrich Breloer, discussing the construction of Auschwitz, said Speer was not just a cog in the workhe was the "terror itself". [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. I knew that these must be Berlin Jews who were being evacuated. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. [167] Brechtken wrote that his most brazen lie was fabricated during an interview with a French journalist in 1952. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. [123] Wolters raised a total of DM158,000 for Speer over the final seventeen years of his sentence. [3] Henry T. King, deputy prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials who later wrote a book about Speer said, "Love and warmth were lacking in the household of Speer's youth. [127], Much of Speer's energy was dedicated to keeping fit, both physically and mentally, during his long confinement. Today: Still there. The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. . [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany on March 19, 1905, to Luise and Albert. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. In 1944, this became endemic; over half a million workers were arrested. This led to the development of Germany's first cyclotron. Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. For early access to our videos, discounted merch and many other exclusive perks please support us as a Patron or Member.Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/the. [19] This work won Speer his first national post, as Nazi Party "Commissioner for the Artistic and Technical Presentation of Party Rallies and Demonstrations". [136] Speer served a full term and was released at midnight on 1 October 1966. After the disasters of the battle of Moscow (Operation Typhoon) and even after Stalingrad Germany manages to greatly increase its military production, even though the allies were launching a major bombing campaign against them. Efforts were made and a search of Ernst's unit ended in failure. Before that, Speer worked as the chief architect in Hitler's Nazi . Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. like so many other Germans his Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. Albert Speer Jr., one of the most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15, 2017 in Frankfurt. Included in the building works was material to build gas chambers, crematoria and morgues. The Fhrer emerges as neither an incompetent nor a carpetgnawing madman but as an evil genius of warped concepts endowed with an ineffable personal magic. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. The house had a studio were Hitler (see Hitler parents) often came to draw his . Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. There were so many corpses at the Dora underground factory, for example, that the crematorium was overwhelmed. "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. I am sure that an oppressive feeling struck me as I drove past. sent during this battle. [138] He said little, reserving most comments for a major interview published in Der Spiegel in November 1966. It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. For the record, Ernst Speer is discussed at p. 336 in Beevor's "Stalingrad" (Penguin 2007), The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post bio je arhitekt i ministar naoruanja u nacistikoj Njemakoj. [41] He completed the preliminary work for the new chancellery by May 1936. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. [1]:506,699701. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. [125] He had completed his memoirs by November 1953, which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich. But the children-my two brothers and I-had to use the back stairs. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . Showing 28 distinct works. 1971. After serving. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. a nemzeti szocialista Nmet Birodalom fptsze, fegyverkezsi minisztere, a haditermels irnytja.. A hbor befejezse utn Nrnbergben egyetlen volt a brsg el lltott szemlyek kzl, aki elismerte felelssgt a msodik vilghbors esemnyekrt, hsz . [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. He later published a work about Himmler and the SS which has been published in English as The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler's Masterplan for SS Supremacy or Infiltration: How Heinrich Himmler Schemed to Build an SS Industrial Empire (in German, Der Sklavenstaat - Meine Auseinandersetzung mit der SS). Ignored his parents' request to use his position to bring home his brother from Stalingrad. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". Sereny decided to complete the book alone . Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. By Dorothy . Naval armaments were not under Speer's supervision until October 1943, nor the Luftwaffe's armaments until June of the following year. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. Speer believed his greatest work, the one that would truly stand the test of time was the Zeppelinfeld in Nrnberg, which held up to 340,000 people, and the Cathedral of Lights he orchestrated for nighttime Nazi rallies with 130 anti-aircraft searchlights placed around it. Figlio e nipote di architetti, Spee. He assumed his German readers would not be so gullible and told them the Nazi Party offered a "new mission". Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." Little remains of his personal architectural work. While he sought to frustrate directives to destroy industrial facilities in areas at risk of capture, so that they could be used after the war, he still supported the war's continuation. [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that Sept. 21, 2017. the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they [100] Speer gained control over the railways in February, and asked Heinrich Himmler to supply concentration camp prisoners to work on their repair. [1]:488498,569, Speer's involvement with concentration camp prisoners as a work force came about when Hitler agreed to Himmler's proposal they be used for the secret V-2 project. [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. Once Speer became aware of the existence of the fund, he sent detailed instructions about what to do with the money. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. shelved 32,158 times. The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. Albert Speer Jr. was born on July 29, 1934, one year after Hitler had consolidated power in Germany. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. Die Zelle. Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. [68] Hitler was closely involved with the design of the tanks, but kept changing his mind about the specifications. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . Speer arrived there the previous evening and accepted Todt's offer to fly with him to Berlin. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. 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