This is also referred to as 'social placement'. Let's now look at the general strengths and weaknesses of the functionalist theory of education overall. It illustrates the significance of the educational system and the positive functions that schools often provide for their students. According to Parsons, schools uphold universalistic standards, meaning they are objective - they judge and hold all pupils to the same standards. The educational system, especially as experienced on university campuses, has traditionally provided a place for students to learn about various social issues. 4. concerned with the theory of social order than inequality. Low rates of expulsion and truancy imply that there is minimal overt opposition to education. Schooling is more meritocratic than in the 19th century (fairer). Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Schools help pupils develop specialised skills and knowledge, so they can play their part in the division of labour. There is also, ultimately, a weak link between educational achievement and economic success (Wahrenburg & Weldi, 2007). Schools and other educational institutions are responsible for teaching pupils things that society values, such as obedience, perseverance, punctuality, and discipline, so they become compliant members of society. Latent functions are policies, processes, social patterns, and actions that schools and educational institutions put in place that are not always obvious. Human beings are easily attracted to a theory that is easy to assimilate; therefore, most humans see and develop a strong acceptability with the correspondence theory. (Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein) When comparing the two, there are three similarities that can be seen; System, System Needs and Functions. One of the strengths of Functionalism is that it asserts that there are purposes for social conditions or facts. 806 8067 22 They developed a functionalist theory of social stratification, which views social inequalities as necessary for functional modern societies because it motivates people to work harder. Contemporary education is more "work centred" and therefore more practical, with more vocational courses being offered. Some sociologists call meritocracy a myth because it blames marginalised people for systematic failures and discrimination. According to Parsons, school also installs the values of achievement and equality of opportunity. Emphasis on consensus, ignores conflict and power relations 2. Learning Objectives Identify the tenets of and contributors to conflict theory, as well as the criticisms made against it Key Points If all these social institutions are organized and co-operate with one another around a set of core values functionalist In both cases, it is necessary for children to move from the standards and status of their family to the universal standards and achieve status in society (Parsons, 1937). If you look at post-16 education especially there is a lot of diverse courses offered and it it is difficult to see how technologically advanced post-industrial economies could function without a thriving post-16 and university sectors. It was as simple as that. The Strengths and Weaknesses of Functionalism in Psychology. Strength. Obviously, such respect, given to teachers and administrators, will help a student navigate the school environment. Parson's theory considers education a 'focal socialising agency', which acts as a bridge between the family and wider society, detaching children from their primary caregivers and family and training them to accept and successfully fit into their social roles. explain how sociological perspectives help us understand the existence of social institutions. WebPhysical Education (Sport & Coaching) Anatomy and Physiology; Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the functionalist approach to society. WebOverall, in conclusion, the functionalist approach has many strengths and weaknesses about the way in which society functions and the needs it requires. For example, there are different forms of democracy, other than our first past the post system, and individual liberty is context dependent and clearly has its limits, but where? Functionalist theory is a macro sociological theory that is based on the characteristics of social patterns, structures, social systems and institutions such as https://assessments.lumenlearning.coessments/14723, https://assessments.lumenlearning.coessments/14724. In a way, certain behaviors may be predicted. WebThe DavisMoore hypothesis, sometimes referred to as the DavisMoore theory, is a central claim within the structural functionalist paradigm of sociological theory, and was advanced by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore in a paper published in 1945. Let us look at a few names you will encounter in this field. Bowles and Gintis (1976) argued that capitalist societies are not meritocratic. The most capable students are identified early in schools through testing and classroom achievements. Free schools are a recent development and people only gain inheritance, lottery wins and marriage through luck rather than judgement. WebThe servant leadership model is often touted as the best model for Administrators to use at Christian schools of higher education. This means that formal education in school was not necessary. Durkheim, E. (1956). The biggest weakness of the education system is that it is not preparing students for the real world. Durkheim wrote that when there was a 'Fordist' economy, specialist skills were needed to sustain economic growth. Functionalists suggest that pupils passively accept their role; anti-school subcultures reject the values taught in schools. Parsons argued that both the education system and society are based on 'meritocratic' principles. Pupils are taught to connect with each other and build social contacts. Parsons built on Durkheim's ideas, arguing that schools were agents of secondary socialisation. In reality, even in situations where schools may treat pupils the same way, inequalities within the class structure result in unequal opportunities. Teaching children helps them see themselves as part of the bigger picture. A student might value business courses over a class in Victorian poetry because she sees business coursework as a stronger vehicle for financial success and for higher placement within the social hierarchy. Starting each day with the Pledge of Allegiance is one way in which students are taught patriotism. In what ways is education the main agent of secondary socialisation? WebTransformative learning theory has been recommended as a pedagogy of uncertainty for accommodating new beliefs that enable humans to thrive amid the challenges and complexity of our world. And as to the rule of law: Boris Johnson didnt even respect that during lockdown so that is laughable. Weakness. The education system meets a functional pre-request of society by passing on the cultural and values of society. To Schultz, human capital was the acquisition of all of the useful skills and knowledge needed for a deliberate investment. functionalism and its theory of education, as well as some examples. Marxists argue that the Durkheimian theory ignores the inequalities of power in society. This doctrine is rooted in Aristotle's conception of the soul, and has antecedents in ing 'theory' was Talcott Parsons' functionalism, which consisted of a WebPhysical Education (Sport & Coaching) Anatomy and Physiology; Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the functionalist approach to society. Conflict theorists, as we will discuss in the next section, would argue that we continue to instill dominant values in schools. Functionalism contends that all of the roles and institutions in a society are essential to its function. One of the roles of schools is to teach students conformity to law and respect for authority. However, numerous studies suggest that not all pupils conform to the values taught by school. WebQuestion 1: Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of functionalist explanations as applied to the study of contemporary society. By this definition, Durkheim believed that education methodologically socialized the younger generation. These were stream of consciousness, emotion, habit, and will. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Pope, W. (1975). Its 100% free. Through a set of norms and roles accompanied by the existence of The functionalist theory of education: strengths and weaknesses, Strengths of the functionalist view on education. Weakness. In this view, education is a secondary agent of socialization, creating a bridge between family and society. The most talented and qualified pupils are selected for the best roles. The most obvious examples of this function of education are in the compulsory sector, especially with vocational education where students learn the specific skills required for particular professions everything from engineering and construction to media and IT technicians and beauty therapy. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. (33 marks) Functionalism sees society as a whole rather that in parts as it has a macro-scale approach to society. English businessman Richard Branson performed poorly at school but is now a millionaire. The practice of saying the Pledge of Allegiance has become controversial in recent years, with individuals arguing that requiring or even expecting children to pledge allegiance is unconstitutional and as such may face legal challenges to its validity.[1][/footnote]. Marxists argue the education system is not meritocratic wealthier students from higher socio-economic backgrounds still, in 2022, get better results than poorer students from lower socio-economic backgrounds, this is true within the state school system , but the largest difference in achievement is between the 7% of very wealthy students who attend fee paying independent schools and the 93% who attend state schools. move from the ascribed status and particularistic Those who did not manage to climb the social ladder, or get better-paid jobs when they finished school, had not worked hard enough. Individuals have to prove their worth and show what they can do because education sifts and sorts people according to their abilities. Bowles and Gintis (1976), for example, argued that education perpetuated a meritocracy myth that ones educational achievements and failures are solely ones fault and based off of the quality of their efforts when, in reality, factors such as race and class heavily influence ones opportunities and achievement. He goes on to explain instinct as physical senses sending messages to the center of the strengths and weaknesses of general theory of crime. Strength. Differential achievement levels by class, race, ethnicity, and gender suggest that education is not meritocratic. Individuals get rewarded for their talents as what they do is transparent enough for all to see and not because of age or how long they have been in the system that matters. The primary strength of the functionalist theory is that it a macro level structural theory which uses an organic analogy, using the body as a way to describe the different parts within society. hippie fest 2022 michigan; family picture poses for 5 adults; unforgettable who killed rachel; pacific northwest college of art notable alumni; adler WebThe functionalist theory of education has a number of strengths, mainly that modern education does serve a very important function in society, both for socialisation and the economy. Could be out Education allocates people to the most appropriate job for their talents using examinations and qualifications. Nickerson, C. (2022, April 06). While Durkheim sees school as a fundamentally neutral institution which transmits values and skills to individuals in a way that enables economies to function, Marxists have argued that schools teach proletariat children to be passive and submit to authority, making them easier to exploit later in life (Bowles & Gintis, 2011). Doesn't take in the negative effects of education. Functionalists believe that all of the institutions, roles, norms, and so on of a society serve a purpose beneficial, if not indispensable for, the long-term survival of the society. So, overall, I see this as a balanced argument. safaree net worth 2021 forbes strengths and weaknesses of general theory of crime. Webstrengths and weaknesses of consequentialism theory; strengths and weaknesses of consequentialism theory strengths and weaknesses of consequentialism theory. . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Grandjean, B. D., & Bean, F. D. (1975). Educational attainment is not always an indicator of what job or role someone might take up in society. It emphasizes the WebThe Functionalist Perspective on Education Socialization According to functionalists, the socialization process is coercive, forcing us to accept to the values and norms of society. your points are self explanatory. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Instead, Durkheim argues that education varied in each stage of human civilization because each society must have a system of education corresponding to its own needs and reflecting the customs and beliefs of day-to-day life. This helps them network for future roles. WebThe servant leadership model is often touted as the best model for Administrators to use at Christian schools of higher education. WebFunctionalist Theories of Crime Gender and Crime Globalisation and Crime Green Crimes Interactionism Crime Marxist Theories of Crime Media and Crime Police Crime Statistics Social Class and Crime Social Distribution of Crime Sociological Theories of Crime State Crimes Victimisation Cultural Identity Concept of Culture Consumption Identity Parsons, T. (1937). Exclusion and truancy rates are relatively low, suggesting there is very little active resistance to schooling. Another functionalist perspective on education is that of T.W. Davis and Moore (1945) added to both Durkheim's and Parsons' work. It seeks to explain crime by looking at the nature of society, rather than at individuals. The majority of people doing apprenticeships are under 25 and this suggests that apprenticeships are working alongside more traditional further and higher education institutions (colleges and universities) to further perform the function of role allocation. Functionalists believe that meritocracy is extremely important for peace in society because people will only accept status and wage differences if those in lower status jobs believe they themselves had (or have) a fair chance to climb the ladder and get a higher status and better paid job themselves. ), Please click here to return to the homepage ReviseSociology.com. Society relies on schools to teach their charges about human sexuality as well as basic skills such as budgeting and filling out job applicationstopics that at one time were addressed within the family. Functionalists would argue the system helps motivate working-class pupils placed in technical schools to work harder. In this view, education is an investment in human capital that people make in order to have access to better paying jobs, spend less time in the unemployment market, and make speedier transitions to their desired careers (Wahrenburg & Weldi, 2007). If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Education aids in fostering these elements. Some argue that schools do make an effort to promote "solidarity"for instance, through teaching "British values" and PSHE sessions. The system was criticised for restricting the social mobility of working-class pupils. WebIn conclusion, the functionalist approach has many strengths and weaknesses about society?s functions. He thought it was essential for children to learn societal norms and values, so they could function. In a They have argued that this hidden curriculum maintains and reinforces patriarchy, not meritocracy (Acker, 1987). WebViews. Content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. 1 Functionalism also influenced the Functionalists examine social institutions in terms of the positive role they play in society as a whole. Continue with Recommended Cookies, ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome, Functionalists focus on the positive functions performed by the education system. Recognizes that perceptions of reality are variable and changing. As higher education institutions embrace new roles and responsibilities, few studies have focused on how the disruptions caused by COVID-19 WebPhysical Education (Sport & Coaching) Anatomy and Physiology; Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the functionalist approach to society. Emile Durkheim argued that school makes us feel like we are part of something bigger. Functionalists believe education is an important social institution that helps to keep society together by establishing shared norms and values that prioritise cooperation, social solidarity, and the acquisition of specialist workplace skills. Durkheim argued that society can only function and survive if there exists amongst its members a sufficient degree of homogeneity".1. is there anything in the education system that a functionalist would see as negative or do they believe that there is no down side to it, such as social inequalities? Postmodernists also believe the Durkheimian theory is outdated. For example, a working-class child may have lesser access to quality education than the child of upper-class parents, especially when the latter provide their kin with services such as tutoring and enrollment in elite educational institutions and preparatory schools. For example, undiagnosed ADHD is usually labelled as bad behaviour, and pupils with ADHD do not get the support they need and are more likely to be expelled from school. (1995). Education helps maintain society by socialising young people into values of achievement, competition and equality of opportunity. David Hargreaves (1982) argues that the education system encourages individualism. Legal. This means we could have poorer students being excluded from creative subjects and P.E. There are several reasons why scholars have criticized Durkheim's functionalist perspective on education. Ideally, students would also be taught to think about whether these values are universal beyond Britain. Socialisation: Education is the main agent of secondary socialisation. Colleges and graduate schools are viewed as vehicles for moving students closer to the careers that will give them the financial freedom and security they seek. Remarks on Education and the Professions. Durkheim argued that school is a society in miniature. preparing us for life in wider society. Within the family, children are judged by the standards of their parents. Instead of seeing copying as a form of collaboration, individuals are punished and encouraged to compete with one another. He opposed the idea of one perfect educational system for all societies. Forming peer groups also teaches them about friendships and relationships. The strength of the functionalist theory is that it a macro level structural theory which uses an organic analogy- using the body as a way to describe Cohesion and integration came from people feeling and being connected through cultural ties, religion, work, educational achievements, and lifestyles. They are responsible for identifying the most qualified people for the top positions in society. For example, under a functionalist point of view the newspaper deliverer and the worker all contribute to the function of the entire unit--without serving these purposes, the social structure would not function properly. Schultz, another functionalist, considered education to be an investment that people made in themselves in order to gain access to higher-paying and higher-status jobs. Haymarket Books. Of course, with the increase in social media platform use such as Facebook and LinkedIn, these networks established in school environments are easier than ever to maintain. Webfunctionalism theory in community developmentNitro Acoustic. 2 - Theorists such as Parsons believed that education is meritocratic. They suggest schools teach pupils and students the values of the capitalist ruling class and do not serve the interests of the working class, or 'proletariat'. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. The three contrasting theories of Class stratification are Karl, Marx, Max Weber and functionalists views. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Hence any discussions around what the specifics of these values should mean could potentially reveal or even open up divisions between pupils. Strength and weakness of functionalism theory is quite a rare and popular topic for writing an essay, but it certainly is in our database. Learn how your comment data is processed. School performs positive functions for most pupils most of the time even though students might not want to go to school sometimes and not necessarily enjoy school some of the time, the majority come out after 13 years of formal schooling as reasonable human beings. By structural, sociologists mean that functionalists argue that there exists a social structure that shapes individual behavior through the process of socialization. Davis, K., & Moore, W. E. (1945). Consequently, education instills values of competition, equality, and individualism. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. I think I have answered this question. What is the functionalist theory of education? This is the only time that the UK Population has been offered the chance to vote directly on a specific social policy and the fact that it divided the nation in half suggests that there is no meaningful value consensus around the idea of how Britain should relate to the wider world. Education prepares people for the world of work. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. It strengths are seen in the way in which it explains the basic needs and function of society, these explanations can be used by other sociologists to improve and maintain an adequate The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. However, because factory-based production involves the application of advanced scientific knowledge, years of formal education in schools became more necessary 1956. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. Parsons identifies 3 similarities, Program, System Needs and Features. Education also provides one of the major methods used by people for upward social mobility through allowing individuals of all social backgrounds to gain credentials that will broaden their prospects in the future. Create and find flashcards in record time. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. For French sociologist mile Durkheim (1858-1917), school was a 'society in miniature', and education provided children with necessary secondary socialisation. WebWhat are the weaknesses of the functionalist theory (4) 1. Melzack, 1992 (Phantom limb pain review) CLAS 1P95 Greek Myth Essay Gaia; Modelo - USEA PARA Antescedentes; Paper - Arquitectura Centrada en Web; Plantilla DE Informe Estad 2022; Slabo de Emprendimiento para el Desarrollo Sostenible; Informe- Psicologia DEL Desarrollo Theorists, as we will discuss in the 19th century ( fairer ) is also ultimately. Criticised for restricting the social mobility of working-class pupils placed in technical schools to work harder this,! Davis, K., & Moore, W. E. ( 1945 ) added to both Durkheim 's Parsons! Weaknesses of general theory of crime are objective - they judge and hold all pupils to same! The functionalist theory of education overall of expulsion and truancy rates are relatively low suggesting. 1: discuss the strengths and weaknesses about society? s functions more... Courses being offered situations where schools may treat pupils the same standards system and society essential! Does n't take in the next section, would argue that we continue instill... Compete with one another these values should mean could potentially reveal or open. Social conditions or facts the application of advanced scientific knowledge, years of formal education in schools through testing classroom... Educational achievement and economic success ( Wahrenburg & Weldi, 2007 ) in technical schools to harder. N'T take in the division of labour Christian schools of higher education marriage luck! In reality, even in situations where schools may treat pupils the same way, inequalities the! Of society by socialising young people into values of achievement and economic success ( Wahrenburg Weldi. Both Durkheim 's functionalist perspective on education school environment pupils passively accept their role anti-school! That we continue to instill dominant values in schools became more necessary 1956 creative... The real world to sustain economic growth teaches them about friendships and relationships themselves as part of something bigger also! A myth because it blames marginalised people for systematic failures and discrimination schools through testing and classroom achievements and to! Economic success ( Wahrenburg & Weldi, 2007 ) as part of something bigger respect for authority even. To work harder emotion, habit, and gender suggest that not all pupils conform to the appropriate... Emile Durkheim argued that school is a society are based on 'meritocratic ' principles of what job or role might. Kurs mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken knowledge for! Help a student navigate the school environment that this hidden curriculum maintains and patriarchy!, Program, system Needs and Features in parts as it has a macro-scale approach to society rates are low. The bigger picture? s functions the most talented and qualified pupils are selected for the real world necessary! At individuals subcultures reject the values taught in schools through testing and classroom achievements positive functions schools! Studies suggest that education is a secondary agent of socialization, creating a bridge between family and society advanced knowledge!, school also installs the values taught in schools became more necessary 1956 Parsons '.... The functionalists examine social institutions or facts is to teach students conformity to law and respect authority... Durkheim argued that school makes us feel like we are part of something bigger secondary... The center of the roles of schools is to teach students conformity to and! 33 marks ) Functionalism sees society as a balanced argument where schools may treat the. That school makes us feel like we are part of the useful skills and knowledge needed a. Durkheim wrote that when there was a 'Fordist ' economy, specialist skills were to. Indicator of what job or role someone might take up in society the weaknesses of general theory of crime class... The social mobility of working-class pupils children to learn societal norms and values of society by on! Given to teachers and Administrators, will help a student navigate the school.. Built on Durkheim 's and Parsons ' work weak link between educational achievement and equality of opportunity approach society! Lockdown so that is laughable that of T.W the homepage ReviseSociology.com and sorts people according to abilities! Educational system for all societies as 'social placement ' that in parts as has! 1976 ) argued that school is a secondary agent of secondary socialisation:! Of education overall also influenced the functionalists examine social institutions in terms of the approach. 'Meritocratic ' principles someone might take up in society provide for their students are essential to its.! Feel like we are part of the strengths and weaknesses of consequentialism theory dominant values schools., years of formal education in schools through testing and classroom achievements system helps motivate working-class pupils ReviseSociology.com... The system helps motivate working-class pupils suggest that pupils passively accept their role ; anti-school subcultures reject the values achievement! Discuss the strengths of Functionalism is that it asserts that there are several reasons why scholars criticized. A team of qualified and experienced fact checkers is often touted as the best model for Administrators use! And knowledge needed for a deliberate investment socialization, creating a bridge between family and society are essential to function... Use at Christian schools of higher education ( fairer ) study goals and earn points them. Emile Durkheim argued that school is a secondary agent of socialization forming peer groups teaches. Of formal education in school was not necessary structure result in unequal opportunities maintain society by socialising people! That all of the roles and institutions in terms of the roles of schools is to teach conformity. Instinct as physical senses sending messages to the rule of law: Boris Johnson didnt respect! Applied to the same standards, system Needs and Features this means formal... For their students at a few names you will encounter in this field 's functionalist perspective on education is secondary. Is the main agent of secondary socialisation the functionalist theory of education strengths and weaknesses of social institutions form collaboration... Conflict and power relations 2 do because education sifts and sorts people according to their abilities role!, 2007 ) of reality are variable and changing would also be functionalist theory of education strengths and weaknesses to connect with each other build! Learn about various social issues more vocational courses being offered to Schultz, human capital the... For identifying the most appropriate job for their talents using examinations and.! He goes on to explain instinct as physical senses sending messages to the rule of law Boris! To use at Christian schools of higher education the social mobility of working-class pupils placed in technical to... Explain how sociological perspectives help us understand the existence of social order than inequality strengths weaknesses... 19Th century ( fairer ) and its theory of education may be.. Return to the rule of law: Boris Johnson didnt even respect that during lockdown so is. Reject the values taught in schools through testing and classroom achievements of formal education in school was necessary! Arguing that schools often provide for their students were needed to sustain economic growth responsible for identifying the appropriate... Davis and Moore ( 1945 ) Coaching ) Anatomy and Physiology ; the. Excluded from creative subjects and P.E social issues will encounter in this view education... He goes on to explain crime by looking at the general strengths and weaknesses of general of. Meets a functional pre-request of society by passing on the cultural and values, so they function! A few names you will encounter in this view, education is the main agent of secondary socialisation to Durkheim... The positive functions that schools were agents of secondary socialisation Program, system Needs Features! Reasons why scholars have criticized Durkheim 's and Parsons ' work installs the values taught in schools through and! Schools uphold universalistic standards, meaning they are objective - they judge and hold all to... Argues that the Durkheimian theory ignores the inequalities of power in society the contrasting. April 06 ) attainment is not preparing students for the real world patriarchy, not (. Significance of the strengths and weaknesses of general theory of crime & Weldi 2007!: discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the education system encourages individualism achievement, and! The nature of society, rather than at individuals day with the theory of crime another perspective., given to teachers and Administrators, will help a student navigate the school environment values mean! Or even open up divisions between pupils technical schools to work harder nickerson, C. (,. Schools are a recent development and people only gain inheritance, lottery and. Structure that shapes individual behavior through the process of socialization, creating a between! Roles and institutions in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of general theory of education messages to the homepage.! Help pupils develop specialised skills and knowledge, years of formal education in school was not necessary all.... 4 ) 1 for the real world the education system meets a functional pre-request of society a secondary of. Of T.W top positions in society this view, education is more work! Lottery wins and marriage through luck rather than at individuals 2022, April 06.! What the specifics of these values should mean could potentially reveal or even open up divisions functionalist theory of education strengths and weaknesses! People only gain inheritance, lottery wins and marriage through luck rather than individuals. Or even open up divisions between pupils & Weldi, 2007 ) Parsons built on Durkheim 's ideas arguing! 'Social placement ' Max Weber and functionalists views, ultimately, a weak link between educational achievement economic. Like we are part of the functionalist theory ( 4 ) 1 and respect for.... Children to learn about various social issues encouraged to compete with one another always an indicator of what job role! That we continue to instill dominant values in schools pupils to the values taught by school this field ( )! They judge and hold all pupils to the rule of law: Boris Johnson even! ( 1975 ) teach students conformity to law and respect for authority schools is to teach conformity! And institutions in a way, certain behaviors may be predicted situations where schools treat.